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THE INSTITUTE OF FINANCE MANAGEMENT THE LAW PANEL DIRECTIVE NO.2/2009 FUNGO’S GUIDE TO READING, WRITING AND REFERENCING PART I GENERAL GUIDANCE TERMINOLOGIES Citation - a reference to a document. It should include all the bibliographic details needed to trace the document. Footnotes - listed at the bottom of the page on which a reference or citation occurs in the text. A number is placed in the text to indicate the cited work and again at the bottom of the page in front of the footnote. Used when only a small number of references need to be made. Endnote - when a large number of references are to be cited, endnotes (at the end of each chapter or at the end of the whole work) are often used. References - a list of citations (material cited) in a written work. Bibliography - is a list of documents (books, articles, papers) read for a specific essay of assignment. It can also mean a list of works on a specific subject. Listing the resources you use as you gather information will save you

Bank for International Settlements The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international organization of central banks which "fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks." [1] It is not accountable to any national government. The BIS carries out its work through subcommittees, the secretariats it hosts, and through its annual General Meeting of all members. It also provides banking services, but only to central banks, or to international organizations like itself. Based in Basel, Switzerland, the BIS was established by the Hague agreements of 1930. The name of the BIS in German: Bank für Internationalen Zahlungsausgleich (BIZ), in French: Banque des Reglements Internationaux (BRI), in Italian: Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali (BRI). It has representative offices in Hong Kong and Mexico City. Contents [hide] • 1 Organization of central banks o 1.1 Regulates capital adequacy o 1.2 Encourages reserve transparency

The Bank of Tanzania uses both on-site and off-site inspection in supervising banks and financial institutions. • In on-site inspection a full scope examination where the supervisors review the five key components of the institutions, that is Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management quality, Earnings capability and Liquidity (CAMEL) at least once a year for every institution. In addition, supervisors do verify compliance with laws and regulations and assess the effectiveness of the institutions' internal control system. • In the off-site inspection assessment of financial soundness through analysis of the statistical and other returns covering key areas of the institutions is done. From the analysis an Early Warning Report is produced. The statistical returns are submitted periodically (i.e weekly, monthly, quarterly, semi-annually and annually or on ad hoc basis if the circumstances so demand). 1: ACTS: • Bank of Tanzania Act, 1965 as amended in 1978 was repealed and replace

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is an institution created by the central bank Governors of the Group of Ten nations . It was created in 1974 and meets regularly four times a year. The Committee's members come from Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Committee usually meets at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in Basel, Switzerland, where its 12 member permanent Secretariat is located. The Committee is often referred to as the BIS Committee after its meeting location. However, the BIS and the Basel Committee remain two distinct entities.[1] The Basel Committee formulates broad supervisory standards and guidelines and recommends statements of best

Payment System The National Payment System Overview The National Payment System (NPS) Modernisation Project The Government of Tanzania enunciated the National Payment System (NPS) Modernisation Project in 1996 to re-examine the country’s payment systems with the aim of developing an efficient payment system. The NPS Vision is to have in place an efficient customer centred payment system by the year 2005. The Project is spearheaded by the Bank of Tanzania. The National Payment System involves all major payment systems users, owners, providers, and managers of the national payment systems defined as stakeholders who wish to improve the country’s payment systems. These include Banks, and Financial institutions, Government, Capital and securities Market Authority, the Stock Exchange, Infrastructure providers (e.g. Telecomms, Post, Power, etc), and, Business/ Consumer representatives, and major users (e.g. Pension funds, Insurance companies, etc). The national Payment System council (NPS

Objectives of bank regulation The objectives of bank regulation, and the emphasis, varies between jurisdiction. The most common objectives are: 1. Prudential -- to reduce the level of risk bank creditors are exposed to (i.e. to protect depositors) 2. Systemic risk reduction -- to reduce the risk of disruption resulting from adverse trading conditions for banks causing multiple or major bank failures 3. Avoid misuse of banks -- to reduce the risk of banks being used for criminal purposes, e.g. laundering the proceeds of crime 4. To protect banking confidentiality 5. Credit allocation -- to direct credit to favored sectors [edit] General principles of bank regulation Banking regulations can vary widely across nations and jurisdictions. This section of the article describes general principles of bank regulation throughout the world. [edit] Minimum requirements Requirements are imposed on banks in order to promote the objectives of the regulator. The most important minimum requirement in b

SYSTEMIC RISK In finance, systemic risk is the risk of collapse of an entire financial system or entire market, as opposed to risk associated with any one individual entity, group or component of a system.[1][2] It can be defined as "financial system instability, potentially catastrophic, caused or exacerbated by idiosyncratic events or conditions in financial intermediaries".[3] It refers to the risks imposed by interlinkages and interdependencies in a system or market, where the failure of a single entity or cluster of entities can cause a cascading failure, which could potentially bankrupt or bring down the entire system or market.[4] It is also sometimes erroneously referred to as "systematic risk". • The easiest way to understand systemic risk is to consider a bank run which has a cascading effect on other banks which are owed money by the first bank in trouble, causing a cascading failure. As depositors sense the ripple effects of default, and liquidity concer